Financial Terms
A corporate transaction in which one entity obtains ownership or control of another, either through the purchase of its shares, assets, or through a merger arrangement.
A tax levied on profits realized by individuals from the sale of certain assets.
A fund whose primary investment objective is to protect the capital invested by unitholders and return it to them at a predetermined future date.
It is a company, not a fund, that invests in a variety of investments.
Units of closed-end investment funds are traded on the stock market, similar to shares. The invested value can only be recovered by selling these units to another buyer, as their total number of units remains fixed.
A joint real estate investment program designed to allow its investors to collectively participate in the program’s profits. It is managed by a fund manager for specific fees. These funds operate according to the following purposes:
- Initial development followed by sale.
- Construction development followed by sale.
- Initial or construction development for the purpose of leasing for a specified period, followed by sale.
A joint real estate investment fund designed to offer investors the opportunity to collectively participate in its profits. It is managed by a fund manager for specified fees. These funds operate according to the following objectives:
Initial development and subsequent sale.
Construction development and subsequent sale.
Initial or construction development for the purpose of leasing for a defined period, followed by sale.
The acquisition of a company, typically against the wishes of its current management or board of directors, by purchasing a controlling stake of its shares on the open market or through a direct offer to shareholders.
The total amount of dividends declared by a company for each ordinary share outstanding, calculated by dividing total dividends paid by the number of shares.
Funds that primarily invest in shares of companies listed on financial markets, whether local, international, or regional.
An index fund whose units are traded on the “Main Market” or “Parallel Market”.
An amount retained from a company’s profits at the discretion of its board of directors, rather than being legally required. It may be used for future investment, contingencies, or dividend smoothing.
An acquisition in which the acquiring company takes over another company operating in the same industry and at the same stage of the supply chain, typically to increase market share or achieve economies of scale.
An investment fund whose primary objective is to track the performance of a specific index.
Expenditure on education, training, health, and development of employees or the workforce, aimed at increasing their productivity, skills, and long-term economic contribution.
An Islamic finance contract in which one party commissions another to manufacture or construct a specified asset. The price and specifications are agreed upfront, and payment may be made in advance, in installments, or upon delivery. It is commonly used to finance infrastructure and real estate construction.
An investment intended to be held for an extended period — typically more than one year — with the objective of achieving capital appreciation, income generation, or both over time.
It refers to the ability to sell or buy a certain quantity of an asset without affecting its market price.
The date on which a financial instrument (such as a bond, sukuk, or certificate of deposit) expires and the principal amount becomes due and payable to the holder.
An economic system combining elements of both market-driven (private sector) and centrally planned (government-controlled) economies, in which both the state and private entities participate in economic activity.
An investment fund whose sole objective is to invest in short-term securities and money market transactions.
An economy that engages freely in international trade and investment with other countries, with minimal restrictions on the flow of goods, services, and capital across borders.
An investment fund whose units increase and decrease, and in which the investor may redeem their investment at any time in accordance with the fund’s policy.
A system in which money is pooled from investors and the pooled funds are invested together on their behalf in an open-end fund.
A collective investment vehicle similar to open-ended unit trusts. It is sometimes described as an investment company with variable capital (ICVC).
A collective investment vehicle similar to open-ended unit trusts. It is sometimes described as an investment company with variable capital (ICVC).
A derivative contract that grants the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an asset.
A trading or investment strategy that profits from the difference in prices of related securities, assets, or contracts across different markets, time periods, or instruments.
The sale of securities directly to a limited number of selected sophisticated or institutional investors, without a public offering. Private placements are subject to fewer regulatory requirements than public offerings but restrict the resale of securities.
An investment fund specialized in investing in commercial real estate.
An investment fund specialized in investing in commercial real estate.
The repayment of a bond, sukuk, or other debt instrument at its maturity date, or the repurchase of fund units by the fund manager from investors. Redemption may also refer to the early recall of a callable bond at the issuer’s option.
They are a primary means for individuals to secure funding for their post-retirement needs. A variety of retirement programs are available, ranging from those offered by companies to their employees to personal plans.
A transaction in which a private company acquires a publicly listed company — or gains control of it — as a means of becoming listed on a stock exchange without conducting a traditional IPO.
A transaction in which a private company acquires a publicly listed company — or gains control of it — as a means of becoming listed on a stock exchange without conducting a traditional IPO.
A legally required reserve that companies in Saudi Arabia must maintain, typically by retaining a defined percentage (commonly 10%) of annual net profit until the reserve reaches a specified level of share capital.
A financial derivative traded over the counter (OTC) under which two parties exchange a series of periodic payments based on the notional value of the underlying asset over an agreed period. Swap contracts may include interest rate, currency, and equity swaps.
In Takaful (Islamic insurance), the process by which participants (policyholders) contribute funds into a shared pool (Tabarru’ fund) to cover potential losses of any participant. The underwriting process assesses risk and determines contribution amounts.
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